Ibn Battuta (1304–1369): A Moroccan scholar who set out at 21 for a pilgrimage to Mecca, Ibn Battuta kept traveling for nearly 30 years, eventually covering an estimated 75,000 miles, roughly three times the distance Marco Polo is credited with. His journeys took him across North and West Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, Southeast Asia, and China, often serving as a judge or diplomat along the way thanks to his religious education. He dictated his account, the "Rihla" (meaning "The Journey"), to a scholar named Ibn Juzayy at the order of the Sultan of Morocco, documenting societies, rulers, and customs across the medieval Islamic world and beyond in far greater geographic breadth than any other traveler of his era. Unlike many explorers who sought new trade routes or conquest, Ibn Battuta traveled largely out of curiosity and devotion, and his account remains one of the richest surviving windows into 14th-century global life. is leading so far with 50%.
Zheng He (1371–1433): A Chinese Muslim eunuch admiral, Zheng He commanded seven massive naval expeditions between 1405 and 1433 under the Ming dynasty, reaching as far as East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Southeast Asia decades before Europe's Age of Exploration began. His fleets were staggering in scale: some accounts describe treasure ships nearly 400 feet long, dwarfing anything Europe would build for another century, crewed by fleets of up to 300 vessels and 27,000 men. The voyages were intended to project Ming power, collect tribute, and establish trade and diplomatic relations rather than conquer territory, and Zheng He brought back exotic goods, foreign envoys, and even a giraffe presented to the Chinese court as a mythical qilin. After his death, China turned inward and dismantled its treasure fleet, leaving Zheng He's expeditions as a striking historical what-if: a naval power capable of global reach that chose to stop reaching. is second. On this few votes the split is still anyone's guess.
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